Ch-12 Key Words Explained (What Dictionary Tells)

Chapter-12

Transportation in Animals and Plants

Key Words																						Dictionary Meaning.
A	S	E	X	U	A	L	-	R	E	P	R	O	D	U	C	T	I	O	N			Asexual Reproduction Involving or reroducing by reproductive processes (as cell division, spore formation, fission, or budding) that do not involve the union of individuals or gametes ‹~ reproduction› ‹an ~ generation› b : produced by asexual reproduction ‹~ spores› The process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring and which fundamentally consists of the segregation of a portion of the parental body by a sexual or an asexual process and its subsequent growth and differentiation into a new individual
B	U	D	D	I	N	G																a small lateral or terminal protuberance1 on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower, leaf, or shoot. 1. Protuberant - Curving or swelling outwards from the surface.
E	M	B	R	Y	O																	The young sporophyte2 of a seed plant usu. comprising a rudimentary3 plant with plumule4 , radical (of, relating to, or proceeding from a root: as a (1): of or growing from the root of a plant ‹~ tubers› (2): growing from the base of a stem, from a rootlike stem, or from a stem that does not rise above the ground ‹~ leaves› b : of, relating to, or constituting a linguistic root c : of or relating to a mathematical root d : designed to remove the root of a disease or all diseased and potentially diseased tissue ‹~ surgery› ‹~ mastectomy›), and cotyledons (the first leaf or one of the first pair or whorl of leaves developed by the embryo of a seed plant or of some lower plants (as ferns)) 2. Sporophyte - The diploid multicellular individual or generation of a plant with alternation of generations that begins from a diploid zygote and produces haploid spores by meiotic division compare gametophyte. 3. rudimentary - Very imperfectly developed. 4. Plumule [the primary bud of a plant embryo usu. situated at the apex of the hypocotyl (the part of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling below the cotyledon)and consisting of leaves and an epicotyls(the portion of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling above the cotyledonary node)]
F	E	R	T	I	L	I	S	A	T	I	O	N										An act or process of making fertile: as a : the application of fertilizer b (1): an act or process of fecundation5, insemination6, or pollination 7- not used technically (2): the process of union of two gametes8 whereby the somatic (of, relating to, or affecting the body)chromosome number is restored and the development of a new individual is initiated 5. Fecundation -(producing young or new plants) 6. Insemination-(1 : sow 2 : to introduce semen into the genital tract of (a female)) 7. Pollination -(the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma in angiosperms or from the microsporangium to the micropyle in gymnosperms) 8. Gametes-(a mature male or female germ cell usu. possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex)
F	R	A	G	M	E	N	T	A	T	I	O	N										The act or process of fragmenting or making fragmentary
G	A	M	E	T	E	S																A mature male or female germ cell usu. possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex.
H	Y	P	H	A																		One of the threads that make up the mycelium 9of a fungus, increase by apical 10growth, and are transversely septate divided by or having a septum 11or nonseptate 09. Mycelium (the mass of interwoven filamentous hyphae that forms esp. the vegetative portion of the thallus of a fungus and is often submerged in another body) 10. Apical (relating to, or situated at an apex) 11. Septum (a dividing wall or membrane esp. between bodily spaces or masses of soft tissue compare dissepiment)
O	V	U	L	E																		An outgrowth of the ovary of a seed plant that is a megasporangium 12(a sporangium that develops only megaspores)and encloses an embryo sac within a nucellus 12. Megasporangium -a sporangium that develops only megaspores(heterosporous plants giving rise to female gametophytes(the haploid multicellular individual or generation of a plant with alternation of generations that begins with a haploid spore, produces gametes by mitotic division, and ends with fertilization producing a diploid zygote and that constitutes the visibly dominant form in mosses and algae, exists as an independent plant body in ferns and their relatives, and is reduced to a microscopic or rudimentary state in seed plants compare sporophyte) and usu. larger than a microspore ).
P	O	L	L	E	N	-	G	R	A	I	N											Pollen Grain A mass of microspores in a seed plant appearing usu. as a fine dust. A small hard particle.
P	O	L	L	E	N	-	T	U	B	E												Pollen Tube A mass of microspores in a seed plant appearing usu. as a fine dust A slender channel (as a fallopian tube or a pollen tube) within a plant or animal body.
P	O	L	L	I	N	A	T	I	O	N												The transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma in angiosperms13 or from the microsporangium 14 to the micropyle 15in gymnosperms16 13. Angiosperms (any of a class (Angiospermae) or division (Magnoliophyta) of vascular plants (as magnolias, grasses, oaks, roses, and daisies) that have the ovules and seeds enclosed in an ovary, form the embryo and endosperm by double fertilization, and typically have each flower surrounded by a perianth composed of two sets of floral envelopes comprising the calyx and corolla called also flowering plant) 14. Microsporangium (a sporangium that develops only microspores) 15. Micropyle (a minute opening in the integument of an ovule of a seed plant) 16. Gymnosperms(any of a group of vascular plants that produce naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary, that were formerly considered a class (Gymnospermae) of seed plants, but that are now considered polyphyletic in origin and divided into several extinct divisions and four divisions with surviving members typified by the cycadophytes, conifers, ginkgo, and ephedras compare angiosperm)
S	E	E	D	-	D	I	S	P	E	R	S	A	L									Seed Dispersal The grains or ripened ovules of plants used for sowing The act or result of dispersing ; esp: the process or result of the spreading of organisms from one place to another
S	E	X	U	A	L	-	R	E	P	R	O	D	U	C	T	I	O	N				Sexual Reproduction Of, relating to, or associated with sex or the sexes ‹~ differentiation› The act or process of reproducing ; specif: the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring and which fundamentally consists of the segregation of a portion of the parental body by a sexual or an asexual process and its subsequent growth and differentiation into a new individual
S	P	O	R	E																		Unicellular often environmentally resistant dormant or reproductive body produced by plants, fungi, and some microorganisms and capable of development into a new individual either directly or after fusion with another spore
S	P	O	R	A	N	G	I	U	M													A structure within which spores are produced.
V	E	G	E	T	A	T	I	V	E	-	P	R	O	P	A	G	A	T	I	O	N	Vegetative Propagation To grow in the manner of a plant ; also: to grow exuberantly or with proliferation of fleshy or warty outgrowths. Increase (as of a kind of organism) in numbers.
Z	Y	G	O	T	E																	A cell formed by the union of two gametes17. 17. Gametes-(a mature male or female germ cell usu. possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex)